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This study relied on a nonrepresentative snowball sampling method to recruit respondents. There is surprisingly little systematic data about the everyday social realities that Indian Americans experience. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA This paper explores a different cleavagepartisan affiliation in Indiaby examining how Indian Americans who favor the Congress or the BJP view supporters of the other party. According to the data, the modal response of Indian Americans is that they weigh the two sides of their identity equally: 45 percent feel equally Indian and American. A very small proportion, just 5 percent, state that they feel neither Indian nor American. It is worth pointing out that nearly one-third (32 percent) of respondents report not engaging in any of the civic or political activities listed on the survey. However, non-citizens are about as likely as foreign-born citizens to engage in the resolution of community issues (12 percent versus 11 percent). Most of these children are native-born themselves. How then do we make sense of the heterogeneity encapsulated by the more than 4 million people of Indian origin in the United States, a group that is the second-fastest-growing immigrant community in the country? 4 Sanjoy Chakravorty, Devesh Kapur, and Nirvikar Singh, The Other One Percent: Indians in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017). This represents 19.1% of the 244 million international migrants worldwide, and 14.4% of the United States' population. (Respondents can select multiple choices from a preselected menu of options, so the percentages in the figure do not add up to 100.). The next two largest origin groups are Indian Americans, who account for 21% of the total (4.6 million people), and Filipinos, who account for 19% (or 4.2 million people). The surveys findings are notable in this regard because previous research on polarization among the American general public has generally found that Republicans, not Democrats, possess greater antipathy toward members of the other party.45. The survey also asks respondents how comfortable they would be if a son/daughter married someone from a particular background. Immigrants often import social norms from their home countries to their newly adopted homes. Early childhood risk, reach, and resilience. U.S. Census data affirm that Indian Americans enjoy a standard of living that is roughly double that of the median American household, underpinned by substantially greater educational attainmentthe share of Indian Americans with at least a bachelors degree is twice the national average.4 However, these aggregate figures mask severe inequalities within the community. Mexico was the most often mentioned birthplace among respondents in 32 states who indicated they were born outside of the U.S. More than 11 million immigrants, or nearly 25% of all immigrants in the U.S., come from Mexico. Follow. In both instances, roughly three-quarters of perpetrators were identified as non-Indians. Send a Message. 45 Carroll Doherty, Which Party is More to Blame for Political Polarization? The United States has more immigrants than any other country in the world. In the same exchange, Biden later added: One of the reasons why were such an incredible country is were such a diverse country. Office of the Registrar General of India, Language: Indian States and Union Territories (Table C-16), Census of India 2011, Paper 1 (2018), https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf. Therefore, the sample size from which these percentages is derived is smalljust one-half of the overall IAAS sample. This study is the third in a series on the social, political, and foreign policy attitudes of Indian Americans. 5 Devesh Kapur and Jashan Bajwa, A Study of Poverty in the Indian American Population, Johns Hopkins-SAIS, October 2020, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCf6RE2L2FpvA6mny2Y_Xtof_zdJpFdC/view. Hindus who recently arrived in the United States are just as likely to identify with a caste group as those who have been here for a quarter-century or more.31. Twenty-nine percent of respondents report that most or all of their friends are from the same region of India. The remaining 23 percent of the sample consists of immigrants residing in the United States who do not hold U.S. citizenship. Thirty-seven percent of Congress supporters are somewhat comfortable having friends who support the BJP (identical to the share of BJP supporters who are somewhat comfortable having Congress friends), but just 23 percent say they are very comfortable having BJP supporters as friends (for BJP supporters, the analogous share is 35 percent). 7 The term Dalit refers to individuals who occupy the lowermost rungs of the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy. The Census Bureau combined survey results from 2013 to 2017 to enable the organizations statisticians to estimate the numbers of individuals who made up the foreign-born populations of each state and the District of Columbia. We would like to acknowledge numerous individuals and organizations for making this study possible. One percent of respondents point to some other factor. Several Asian, African, and Central American countries also have large immigrant populations. Tuesday, May 20, 2014 . This map displays the top origin regions of immigrants in the United States (default view), based on 2009-2013 American Community Survey data. Twenty-four percent of Indian Americans report seldom or never praying. Six percent choose no hyphenation at all and identify only as American and another 6 percent classify themselves as Asian American, an identity category that includes a wide range of diaspora groups from the Asian continent. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Christians are the most observant group as far as attending religious services is concerned. Interestingly, more than half of all Hindu respondents (56 percent) celebrate Christmas compared to just one in five Muslim respondents. For instance, the social networks of an Indian American in Wyoming (where there are very few Indian Americans) will likely be dominated by non-Indian Americans. We are grateful to Tobin Hansen of Carnegie for his assistance with the design and the analysis of the survey. Nearly one in five (19 percent) identify this way, compared to 10 percent of Muslims and only 6 percent of Hindus. Thirty-one percent respond that it is a major problem, 53 percent believe it is a minor problem, and a small minority (17 percent) believe it is not a problem at all. The share of Indian Americans who pray either several times a day or once a day is slightly below the U.S. average (46 percent according to Pew survey data).26 Another 20 percent of Indian Americans report taking part in prayer a few times a week or once a week, while 11 percent pray at least a few times a month. The top countries of origin for immigrants were the Dominican Republic (11 percent of immigrants), China (9 percent), Mexico (5 percent), Jamaica (5 percent), and India (4 percent). On the other hand, Muslims are much more likely to self-identify as South Asian (27 percent compared to 7 percent of Christians and 5 percent of Hindus). In 2020, the United States granted 707,362 people lawful permanent resident status, a significant drop from the usual average of more than a million. If one restricts attention to respondents aged twenty-five and older, nearly 80 percent have either a college or postgraduate degree (compared to 73 percent in the overall sample). This is a list of U.S. states and the District of Columbia by annual net migration. Religious differences, in particular, have emerged as a salient divide both in India and among members of the diaspora. QUIZ LAB SUBMISSION This quiz has . Diwali and Holi are largely celebrated by Hindus, while very few non-Muslims commemorate Eid. Eleven percent finished high school elsewhere, while only 8 percent had less than a high school education. Thirty percent of Congress supporters are not comfortable having close friends who support the BJP; this is double the share of BJP supporters who are uncomfortable having close friends who are Congress supporters. Respondents can select from one of three responses: very comfortable, somewhat comfortable, or not comfortable. Conversely, the larger the size of a group, the greater the likelihood of meeting someone from that group. Fifty-four percent of Republicans say they are very comfortable having Democratic friends. Please join us on the important journey to make Dallas a better place! Twenty-eight percent respond in the affirmativethat political divisions in India are infecting dynamics within the Indian community in the United States. Those who wish to do so may apply after meeting certain requirements, including having lived in the U.S. for five years. The matched cases and the frames were combined, and a logistic regression was estimated for inclusion in the frames. Several Asian, African, and Central American countries also have large immigrant populations in various states. 35 While this might seem counterintuitive, this finding is explained by the fact that U.S.-born respondents are significantly more likely to identify as more American than Indian. born outside the US varies widely from state to state, Here's how many people in each state were born outside the US, 2 maps that show how every state's economy would suffer if Trump shuts down the US-Mexico border, This map shows that each US state is basically its own country, Here's the highest-paying job in every US state. YouGov recruited respondents from its proprietary panel comprising 1.8 million U.S. residents. 22 There is no one-to-one correspondence between Hindi and an Indian state of origin since the language is spoken across a broad swath of states, especially but not exclusively in north and central India. This new methodology has also allowed the inclusion of the figure from 2000. But members of this group exhibit significant variation in terms of their visa status (see figure 1). As the number of Indian-origin residents in the United States has swelled north of 4 million, the community's diversity too has grown. Do religious differences and partisan politics exacerbate social distance between members of the Indian American community? The objective of this inquiry is to assess to what extent Indian Americans associate with other Indian Americans relative to those from outside the community. 17 This compares with 60 percent as per data from the 2018 ACS. These views, in turn, are further affected both by selection effects (who emigrates) and political dynamics in the country of settlement. Therefore, it is likely that the sample does not fully represent the South Asian American population and could skew in favor of those who have strong views about caste. Since 1820. 75% of Minnesotas foreign-born residents are working, up from 70% a decade ago. However, the results point in the opposite direction. One possibility is that the person or persons engaged in caste discrimination could be from another South Asian country, where caste might be a meaningful marker of status and hold greater salience.50 Another possibility is that respondents interpret caste discrimination as a stand-in for other forms of discriminationon the basis of skin color or country of origin, for example. Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, February 9, 2021, https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/02/09/how-do-indian-americans-view-india-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-83800. Follow. In the last few years, there has been much greater recognition of the discrimination faced by minority groups in the United States. Although Indian Americans born in the United States assess Indias present trajectory more critically than those born outside of the United Statesa finding the February 2021 IAAS study established 51the latter are somewhat more likely to blame religion (62 percent versus 55 percent) as well as political leadership (61 percent versus 48 percent). Forty-seven percent of U.S.-born citizens report engaging in this activity, but 45 percent of foreign-born citizens and 41 percent of non-citizens did so as well. On average, an H-1B visa holder reports living in the United States for eight years, although 36 percent of H-1B beneficiaries report spending more than a decade in the country (that is, they arrived before 2010). Much larger shares believe that other minority groups face greater discrimination than Indian Americans, including Latino Americans (90 percent), LGBTQ Americans (89 percent), African Americans (86 percent), and women (86 percent). Foreign-born population by . Second, given the presence of SCs among some non-Hindu religious groups, it is likely that the absolute number of SCsif not the percentagein the IAAS sample is higher. . The differences are most pronounced among those who say being Indian is very important to them. Of the non-citizen population residing in the United States, the survey finds that 80 percent of them would accept U.S. citizenship if offeredan important preference given that Indian law forbids dual citizenship. A much higher share of U.S.-born citizens report attending a protest (18 percent) than either foreign-born citizens (8 percent) or non-citizens (4 percent). What are the social realities and lived experiences of Indian Americans? Thirty-six percent say they are somewhat comfortable and 10 percent say they are not comfortable at all. We are grateful to the team at the Center for the Advanced Study of India at the University of Pennsylvania. 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